You may be aware of the digital ‘permission to travel’ schemes that the UK and EU are putting in place.
The UK version (ETA scheme) impacts travel to the UK and is already in place.
The EU version (ETIAS scheme), which will impact travel to Europe is expected to be in place in the last quarter of 2026.
There is also the Entry and Exit scheme (EES) which is an automated system for registering non-EU travellers each time they cross an EU external border. This is expected to be in place October 2025.
This article will summarise what these schemes are and how they impact travel.
ETIAS Scheme
What is it?
Similar to the ESTA scheme in the US, certain non-EU citizens (including UK citizens) will need to get permission to enter the Schengen area before they travel.
What is the Schengen area?
It’s the EU (less Cyprus and Ireland), plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. An ETIAS is still needed however for travel to Cyprus (even though it is not in the Schengen area).
What do I get and how do I get one?
You can apply either via the official ETIAS website or by using the ETIAS mobile app. You will need to insert your travel document details, your personal data and information about any criminal convictions. If you make a successful application, you will receive email confirmation with your unique ETIAS number. You must check your personal details on the ETIAS are correct – if not, you won’t be able to cross the border. You don’t need to travel with your email though because your ETIAS number will be electronically linked to your travel document.
The weblink to the application is not currently available.
How much does it cost?
If you are between 18 and 70, the cost is 7 Euros per person. If you are over 70 or below 18 years old, it’s free.
How long does the process take?
Most applications are processed within minutes. However, the process can take longer (several weeks) if additional documents or information are required or if you are invited to an interview. Please note – applications can also be rejected, but there is a right of appeal.
How long does it remain valid?
The ETIAS is valid for three years or until your travel document has expired, whichever comes first. There are no limits on the number of times you can use your ETIAS to enter the Schengen area, but be aware of normal travel restrictions (i.e. not visiting the EU for more than 90 days in any 180 day period).
What if I try to enter the EU without one?
You won’t be able to. You could try applying on the spot, but you risk missing your transport if the application takes a long time.
Is it the same as a visa?
No. If you need a visa to enter the Schengen area, you still need to apply for one in the usual way. This scheme is for nationals who don’t currently need a visa to enter the Schengen area, for example UK citizens who are visiting the EU for business trips or holidays.
Am I guaranteed entry to the EU if I have an ETIAS?
No. You will still need to travel with your passport (or other travel document) and meet all the other usual entry requirements (such as making sure there is at least 3 months to run on your passport).
When will the scheme come into effect?
This has been delayed and the ETIAS website suggests is that it will come into effect the last quarter of 2026, however we are seeing reports of this being as late as 2027.
Where can I read more?
This website is really helpful – ETIAS – European Union
ETA Scheme
What is this?
This is effectively the opposite of the ETIAS scheme. It is for citizens who can currently enter the UK without a visa, including EU nationals. UK and Irish citizens or anyone with a UK visa do not need an ETA. Neither does anyone with dual nationality (providing of course, one of those nationalities is British or Irish).
It was being rolled out in phases and it is now open to all groups who need an ETA to enter the UK, including EU nationals (except Irish nationals who are exempt from the scheme).
Please note that it is not yet compulsory for EU nationals, but it will become compulsory for entry from 2 April 2025.
What do I get and how do I get one?
Applications are made online or by using the “UK ETA” app. You will need to insert your passport information and answer some ‘suitability’ questions.
If your application is successful you will get an email confirmation. If your application is not successful, you will need to apply for a visa instead. There is no right of appeal.
How much does it cost?
Currently £10 each and there are no refunds. The Home Office is considering increasing this to £16 in the not too distant future.
How long does the process take?
Up to 3 days, unless further checks are needed.
How long does it remain valid?
The ‘permission’ is valid for two years or until your travel document has expired, whichever comes first. Note the difference with the ETIAS, which is valid for three years.
What if I try to enter the EU without one?
You need one to get in. If you don’t have one, your travel operator may not let you board.
Is it the same as a visa?
No. This is separate to a visa and having an ETA does not mean the holder has the right to work in the UK.
Am I guaranteed entry to the UK if I have an ETA?
No, the holder will still need to meet the usual entry requirements.
Where can I read more?
Here – Apply for an electronic travel authorisation (ETA) – GOV.UK.
EES
What is this?
This is an automated system to register fingerprints, photographs and passport details of non-EU nationals travelling for a short stay, each time they cross the external borders of various European countries. It will replace passport stamping (except for in Cyprus and Ireland) and will allow the EU to monitor overstayers.
What does it involve?
Passport control officers will scan your fingerprints or take a photo of your face. This information will be recorded in a digital file. You only need to do this once – for each subsequent border crossing, the system will verify the details it already holds on you. The process will be easier for biometric passport holders who can use a self-service system.
This cannot be done in advance and checks can only be done at the border.
When will it come into effect?
This has also been delayed. Official sites say it will be operational in October 2025 but we are seeing reports that this will be as late as 2026.
For more details please see here – EES – European Union.
Conclusion
Check what you need to do before you travel. You don’t want to be at the airport only to be refused permission to get on the plane.
For more information please contact our immigration team.
Please note that this article is accurate at the time of publication (March 2025) – please check the relevant webpages in the article for the most up to date position.
This article does not constitute legal advice.
